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The Old Right is a branch of American conservatism that started in a Republican Party ("GOP") split in 1910 and was influential inside the party into the 1940s. They pushed Theodore Roosevelt and his liberal followers out in 1912. The movement was swept away in the election of 1932 by Franklin Roosevelt and the New Deal Coalition. They vigorously opposed the New Deal and by 1938 had joined a Conservative Coalition that blocked its further progress. Conservatives disagreed on foreign policy and the Old Right then asked interventionist policies regarding Europe at the start of World War II. After the war, they opposed Harry Truman's domestic and foreign policies. The last major battle was led by Ohio Senator Robert A. Taft, who was defeated by Dwight D Eisenhower for the presidential nomination in 1952. The new conservative movement led by William F. Buckley, Jr., Barry Goldwater and Ronald Reagan adopted the domestic Anti-New Deal conservatism of the Old Right, but broke with it by demanding an aggressive anti-communist foreign policy. The Old Right was always an informal designation, and never referred to an organized movement. Most members were Republicans, although there was a conservative Democratic element based largely in the South. They were called the "Old Right" to distinguish them from their New Right successors, such as Barry Goldwater, who came to prominence in the 1950s and 1960s and favored an interventionist foreign policy to battle international communism. The Old Right typically favored ''laissez-faire'' classical liberalism; some were business-oriented conservatives; others were ex-radicals who moved sharply to the right, like the novelist John Dos Passos; still others, like the Southern Agrarians, were traditionalists who dreamed of restoring a premodern communal society.〔Allitt, Patrick. ''The Conservatives: Ideas and Personalities Throughout American History'' (2009), chapter 6〕 The Old Right's devotion to anti-imperialism were at odds with the interventionist goal of global democracy, the top-down transformation of local heritage, social and institutional engineering of the political Left and even some from the modern Right-wing. The "Old Right" was unified by their opposition to what they saw as the danger of domestic dictatorship by President Franklin Roosevelt. Most were unified by their defense of natural inequalities, tradition, limited government, and anti-imperialism, as well as their skepticism of democracy and the growing power of Washington. The Old Right ''per se'' has faded as an organized movement, but many similar ideas are found amongst paleoconservatives and paleolibertarians. ==Views== Historian George H. Nash argues: :Unlike the "moderate," internationalist, largely eastern bloc of Republicans who accepted (or at least acquiesced in) some of the "Roosevelt Revolution" and the essential premises of President Truman's foreign policy, the Republican Right at heart was counterrevolutionary. Anticollectivist, anti-Communist, anti-New Deal, passionately committed to limited government, free market economics, and congressional (as opposed to executive) prerogatives, the G.O.P. conservatives were obliged from the start to wage a constant two-front war: against liberal Democrats from without and "me-too" Republicans from within.〔George H. Nash, " The Republican Right from Taft to Reagan," ''Reviews in American History'' (1984) 12#2 pp 261-265 (in JSTOR ) quote on p 261; Nash references David W. Reinhard, ''The Republican Right since 1945'', (University Press of Kentucky, 1983)〕 The Old Right emerged in opposition to the New Deal and FDR personally; it drew from multiple sources. Hoff says, "moderate Republicans and leftover Republican Progressives like Hoover composed the bulk of the Old Right by 1940, with a sprinkling of former members of the Farmer-Labor party, Non-Partisan League, and even a few midwestern prairie Socialists." By 1937 they formed a Conservative coalition that controlled Congress until 1964.〔James T. Patterson, "A Conservative Coalition Forms in Congress, 1933–1939," ''The Journal of American History,'' Vol. 52, No. 4. (Mar., 1966), pp. 757–772. (in JSTOR ) 〕 They were consistently non-interventionist and opposed entering WWII, a position exemplified by the America First Committee. Later, most opposed U.S. entry into NATO and intervention in the Korean War. "In addition to being staunch opponents of war and militarism, the Old Right of the postwar period had a rugged and near-libertarian honesty in domestic affairs as well."〔Rothbard, Murray. (Swan Song of the Old Right ), ''Mises Institute'' 〕 This anti–New Deal movement was a coalition of multiple groups: * intellectual individualists and libertarians, including H. L. Mencken, Albert Jay Nock, Rose Wilder Lane, Garet Garrett,〔Garet Garrett and Bruce Ramsey, '' Defend America First: The Antiwar Editorials of the Saturday Evening Post, 1939-1942'' (2003) ( excerpt and text search )〕 Raymond Moley, and Walter Lippmann;〔Harry C. McPherson, Jr., "Walter Lippmann and the American century" (''Foreign Affairs'' Fall 1980 )〕 * laissez-faire liberals, especially the heirs of the Bourbon Democrats like Albert Ritchie of Maryland and Senator James A. Reed of Missouri; * pro-business or anti-union Republicans, such as Robert A. Taft of Ohio and Raymond E. Baldwin of Connecticut * conservative Democrats from the South, such as Josiah Bailey〔By Troy L. Kickler, "The Conservative Manifesto" (''North Carolina History Project'' )〕 and Harry F. Byrd; * pro-business Democrats such as Al Smith and the founders of the American Liberty League〔George Wolfskill, ''The Revolt of the Conservatives: A History of the American Liberty League 1934-1940'' (1962)〕 * powerful newspaper and magazine publishers, such as William Randolph Hearst of the Hearst chain〔David Nasaw, ''The Chief: The Life of William Randolph Hearst'' (2001)〕 and Colonel Robert R. McCormick of the ''Chicago Tribune''.〔Richard Norton Smith, ''The Colonel: The Life and Legend of Robert R. McCormick, 1880-1955'' (2003)〕〔For others see Gary Dean Best, ''The Critical Press and the New Deal: The Press versus Presidential Power, 1933-1938'' (1993)〕 * reformed radicals who had supported FDR in 1932, such as William Randolph Hearst and Father Charles Coughlin〔Alan Brinkley, ''Voices of Protest: Huey Long, Father Coughlin, & the Great Depression'' (1983)〕 In his book ''Conservatism: Dream and Reality'', Robert Nisbet noted the traditional hostility of the right to interventionism and to increases in military expenditure:〔() ''Conservatism: Dream & Reality -Google Books''. Accessed: 26 November 2012.〕 Jeff Riggenbach argues that some members of the Old Right were actually classical liberals and "were accepted members of the 'Left' before 1933. Yet, without changing any of their fundamental views, all of them, over the next decade, came to be thought of as exemplars of the political 'Right.〔Riggenbach, Jeff. "The Mighty Flynn," ''Liberty'' January 2006 p. 34〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Old Right (United States)」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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